Analysis of the Morphometic and Hydrological Characteristics of the Wadi Shaal Basin and its Secondary Basins
Keywords:
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Abstract
This research aims to analyze the hydrometric morphometric characteristics of the Wadi Shaal Basin and its secondary basins. We conclude that all the secondary basins are still in the stage of maturity. The longitudinal section of the Wadi Shaal Basin stream appears in the form of steep gradients near the source and gradually decreases as we head towards the downstream. It is straight in its streams. This indicates Partial equanimity, and a very severe erosion rate was found according to the Strahler classification, as the number of basins that recorded very severe erosion were (100.2, 97.29, 91.52, 86.14) water basins, which are (11, 13, 19, 8) respectively, and the reason is due to the occurrence of the high area Adjacent to the northern Qara Jouk latitude and the slope of its valleys from the areas of water division from high ranges, as the values of this coefficient increase as the difference between the highest level and the lowest level within the drainage basin increases, which increases the slope rate leading to the activity of water erosion processes and the formation of multiple landforms.
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2. Amna ahmed Muhammad elaji, application of geographic information systems in Builing a Database of Morphometric characteristics and their hydrological lmplications in wadi yalamlam Basin,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, umm Al-Qura university, college of social sciences 2010,p.53.
3. Ahmed Muhammad Abu Rayya, The area extending between Al-Qusayr and Musa Umm Gage, a geomorphological study, PhD thesis, Faculty of Arts, Alexandria University, 2007, p. 47.
4. Mahdi Al-Sahhaf, Kazem Musa Al-Hassan, Hydromorphometry of the Al-Khawsar Tributary Basin, Journal of the Iraqi Geographical Society, Issues 24, 25, Al-Ani Press, Baghdad, 1990, p. 39.
5. Idris Ali Salman Al-Wadaani, The Hazards of Floods in the Jazan Region, Southwest of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Jazan University Journal, Volume 3, Issue 1, 2014, p. 33.
6. Khalaf Hussein Ali Al-Dulaimi, Topography, An Applied Practical Geomorphological Study, Dar Al-Safa for Publishing and Distribution, 2005, p. 267.
7. Zainab Ibrahim Al-Atwani, Spatial Variation of Hazardous Geomorphological Phenomena in Erbil Governorate, PhD thesis (unpublished), College of Education, Al-Mustansiriya University, 2015, pp. 94-95.
8. Azad Jalal Sharif, Hydromorphology of the Khabur River Basin, Iraqi Society Journal, Issue 34, 2nd Edition, 2000, p. 182.
9. Muhammad Mansour Abdou Al-Maleiki, Anah Valley Basin in the Republic of Yemen - Study of Earth’s Surface Forms, Master Thesis (unpublished), University of Baghdad, College of Arts, Department of Geography, 2003, p. 71.
10. Hassan Sayed Ahmed Abu Al-Enein, Wadi Dibba Basin in the United Arab Emirates, Natural Geography and its Impact on Agricultural Development, Kuwait, 1990, p. 77.
11. Hanan Abdul Karim Omran, Hussein Karim Muhammad Al-Saadi, Morphometry of the Wadi Al-Karawi Basin (eastern Wasit Governorate), Babel Journal for Human Sciences, Volume 28, Issue 2, 2020, p. 94.
12. Muhammad bin Abdullah Al-Saleh, Some Methods of Measuring Variables in Discharge Basins, Journal of Geographical Research, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, No. 25, 1992, pp. 78-79.
13. Khalaf Hussein Ali Al-Dulaimi, Ali Khalil Khalaf Al-Jabri, Using Geomatics in the Study of Morphometric Characteristics of Dry Valley Basins, Dar Safa for Publishing and Distribution - Amman, 1st Edition, 2018, pp. 141-142.
14. Hassan Sayed Abu Al-Enein, Fundamentals of Geomorphology, Dar Al-Nahda for Printing and Publishing, Beirut, 5th edition, 1979, p. 436.
15. Khalaf Hussein Al-Dulaimi, Applied Geomorphology, Applied Geospatial Science, 1st Edition, Dar Al-Ahlia for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, 2000, p. 159.
16. Muhammad Fouad Salman, Wadi Al-Assiuti Basin, Geomorphological Study, Master Thesis (unpublished), Faculty of Arts, Tanta University, without a year, p. 122.
17. Niran Muhammad Salman Al-Khalidi, Wadi Juma Basin in Erbil (Morphometric Study), Al-Mustansiriya Journal of International Arab Studies, Issue 55, 2016, p. 315.
18. Ghazwan Salloum, The Qandil Valley Basin (Morphometric Study), Damascus University Journal, Volume 28, First Issue, 2012, p. 428.
19. Adnan Baqir Al-Naqqas, Mahdi Ali Al-Sahhaf, Geomorphology, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 1989, p. 18.
20. Gregory, Kg, Walling, d.e,Drainage Basin, from and process a Geomorphological approach , Edward, Arnold ,London ,1973,P.50.
21. K.J.Grgoryand D.Walling .Drainage basin from and prossess.A geomorphological approach, Edward,1973,P.48.
22. N.N Strahler, 1960, Physical Geography, Secend edition,by Johin willey and New york ,P.37.
23. Dahiphale.P.Singh. P.K. and Yadar, K.K(2015) Morphometric Analysis of sup-Basin in Jaisamand Catchment Using Geographaphical Information system, P.190-201.
24. Horton.RE..1945 ''Erosional Development of Streams and their Drainage Basins ''Geol .Soc.Amer.V.56.P275.
25. Horton.RE..1945 ''Erosional Development of Streams and their Drainage Basins ''Geol .Soc.Amer.V.56.P275.
26. Verstaphen, H.T.H (1983).Applied Geomorphology Geomorphplgical sources for environmental development. Chapter (4).Elserir,New York.p.193-211.
27. Stanley, Aschumm, Evalution of DraingeSystems and Slopes in Badland .At perth Amboy New Jersey, Jor of Geo,Vol.67,1956,P.612.
28. F.Ritter, Process geomor phology,United States of America, C.Brown Company fifth printing, 1982.P182.
29. Doornkamp, J.C,&King, C.A.,Numerical analysis in geomorphology, an introduction:Edwarol Arnold London,1971,P.372
30. Koshak Nof,Dawod-Ghlib, A Gis morphometric analysis of hydrological catchments within Makkah Metropolitan area, Saudi Arabia, NTERNATIONAL JOUR.
31. Strahlar,A,N"Physical Geography" Third Edition, U.S.A.1968.P476.
32. Ali.S.Khan,N(2012),Evalation of Morphometric parameters. A Remote Sensing and Gis Based Approach, Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, lndia,Open Journal of modem Hydrology,3,27.
33. Wilson, E.(1990).Engineering hydrology. 4th edition, EIBS/ Macmillan.P.172.
Published
2023-04-10
How to Cite
Juma, A. G. S., & Hamid, D. K. (2023). Analysis of the Morphometic and Hydrological Characteristics of the Wadi Shaal Basin and its Secondary Basins. Central Asian Journal of Social Sciences and History, 4(4), 5-22. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/9PYFZ
Section
Articles
