The Role of Counsellors in Post-Covid-19 Trauma: A Review

  • Charli Sitinjak Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Setia Budi, Jl. Letjen Sutoyo, Mojosongo, Kec. Jebres, Kota Surakarta, Jawa Tengah 57127, Indonesia
Keywords: COVID-19, social problem, school counsellors

Abstract

The global epidemic of COVID-19 has caused a slew of cultural changes that will impact our children and youth. Suicide, technology addiction, and school safety are all issues that must be addressed as schools return to normal in the coming months. Organized efforts are required to follow up on student problems. Interventions will also occur during and after the pandemic. As a result, school counsellors must have a good perspective and understanding of the social and emotional impacts caused by COVID-19. The author emphasizes a comprehensive approach to preventing problems that arise after the pandemic as the role of counsellors in providing practical applications. A school's success in assessing mental health requires collaboration from all stakeholders, including teachers, staff, counsellors, and parents. A school counsellor's understanding of the importance of mental health is also a factor. The authors stress the importance of mental health education, school counsellor involvement, and practical applications for preventing social and emotional problems during and after the epidemic.

References

1. Cerrito, J., & Joseph Behun, R. (2021). Online Career Guidance Systems for PK-12 School Students: Compliments to a Comprehensive School Counseling Program. In Education at the Intersection of
2. ACE framework. Interactive Learning Environments, 29(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2019.1593200
3. Addy, N. D., Agbozo, F., Runge-Ranzinger, S., & Grys, P. (2021). Mental health difficulties, coping mechanisms and support systems among school-going adolescents in Ghana: A mixed-methods study. PLoS ONE, 16(4 April 2021). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250424
4. Adolescent Counseling, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23727810.2018.1556990 Steele, J. L., Morrow, M. M., Sarnat, H. B., Alkhunaizi, E., Brandt, T., Chitayat, D. A., … Graf, W. D. (2022). Semaphorin-Plexin Signaling: From Axonal Guidance to a New X-Linked Intellectual
5. Agran, M., & Hughes, C. (2008). Education Program Involvement. Career Development for Exceptional Individuals, 31(2).
6. Agu, C. F., Stewart, J., McFarlane-Stewart, N., & Rae, T. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic effects on nursing education: looking through the lens of a developing country. International Nursing Review, 68(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12663
7. AlAzzam, M., Abuhammad, S., Abdalrahim, A., & Hamdan-Mansour, A. M. (2021). Predictors of Depression and Anxiety Among Senior High School Students During COVID-19 Pandemic: The Context of Home Quarantine and Online Education. Journal of School Nursing, 37(4).
8. Álvarez-Guerrero, G., López de Aguileta, A., Racionero-Plaza, S., & Flores-Moncada, L. G. (2021).
9. analysis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Vol. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013674.pub2
10. Aoki, Y., Okada, M., Inokuchi, R., Matsumoto, A., Kumada, Y., Yokoyama, H., … Thornicroft, G. (2014). Time-related changes in suicide attempts after the nuclear accident in Fukushima. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 49(12). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-014-0903-3
11. Barr, M., & Copeland-Stewart, A. (2022). Playing Video Games During the COVID-19 Pandemic and
12. Becnel, A. T., Range, L., & Remley, Jr., T. P. (2021). School Counsellors' Exposure to Student Suicide, Suicide Assessment Self-Efficacy, and Workplace Anxiety: Implications for Training, Practice, and Research. The Professional Counselor, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.15241/atb.11.3.327
13. Beyond the School Walls: Keeping Interactive Learning Environments Alive in Confinement for
14. Birkenkrahe, M. (2022). Teaching Data Science in a Synchronous Online Introductory Course at a Business School – A Case Study. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 349 LNNS. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90677-1_3
15. Bodily, S. E. (2021). Salmones Puyuhuapi Part Iii. SSRN Electronic Journal.
16. Borders, L. D., Wester, K. L., Fickling, M. J., & Adamson, N. A. (2014). Research training in doctoral programs accredited by the council for accreditation of counseling and related educational programs. Counselor Education and Supervision, 53(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/j.15566978.2014.00054.x
17. Brown, N. W. (2018). Psychoeducational Groups : Process and Practice. Psychoeducational Groups.
18. (2018). "Spousal support and cardiac patients" distress: The moderating role of attachment orientation": Correction to Vilchinsky et al. (2010)." Journal of Family Psychology, 26(1).
19. Chen, C., & Chen, M. (2021). The research of social network analysis on college students' interactive relations. International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.4018/IJCINI.20210401.oa5
20. Childhood Experiences. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 41(3). https://doi.org/10.17744/mehc.41.3.04
21. Cook, J. M., Newman, E., & Simiola, V. (2019). Trauma training: Competencies, initiatives, and resources. Psychotherapy, 56(3). https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000233
22. COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11130-y
23. Craddock, N., Garbett, K. M., Haywood, S., Nasution, K., White, P., Saraswati, L. A., … Diedrichs, P. C. (2021). 'Dove Confident Me Indonesia: Single Session': study protocol for a randomized controlled trial to evaluate a school-based body image intervention among Indonesian adolescents. BMC Public Health, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11770-0
24. Disability Syndrome. Pediatric Neurology, 126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2021.10.008
25. Eckhoff, A., & Goodman-Scott, E. (2021). School Counsellors' Perceptions and Understandings of Lockdown Drills: Navigating the Paradox of Safety and Fear. Educational Policy. https://doi.org/10.1177/08959048211032667
26. Education, O., Journal, T., Education, D., Volume, E. T., & Education, O. (2019). Teacher Training with Distance e-Learning Application, Statistical Analysis and Valuation. (English). Open Education: The Journal for Open & Distance Education & Educational Technology, 15(1).
27. Effects on Players' Well-Being. Games and Culture, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/15554120211017036
28. Eugene, A., Alpert, N., Lieberman-Cribbin, W., & Taioli, E. (2021). Trends in COVID-19 School Related Inquiries Using 311 New York City Open Data. Journal of Community Health, 46(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-021-01006-y
29. Fitzpatrick, K. M. (2021). Post-traumatic stress symptomatology and displacement among Hurricane
30. Forster, M., Gower, A. L., McMorris, B. J., & Borowsky, I. W. (2020). Adverse Childhood Experiences and School-Based Victimization and Perpetration. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 35(3–4). https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260517689885
31. Fung, D. (2011). Developing an evidence based delivery system in child and adolescent mental health care in Singapore. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 20.
32. Garrick, J., & Williams, M. B. (2014). Trauma treatment techniques: Innovative trends. In Trauma Treatment Techniques: Innovative Trends. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315864518
33. Geng, J., Chai, C. S., Jong, M. S. Y., & Luk, E. T. H. (2021). Understanding the pedagogical potential of Interactive Spherical Video-based Virtual Reality from the teachers' perspective through the
34. Gettings, J., Czarnik, M., Morris, E., Haller, E., Thompson-Paul, A. M., Rasberry, C., … MacKellar, D. (2021). Mask Use and Ventilation Improvements to Reduce COVID-19 Incidence in Elementary Schools — Georgia, November 16–December 11, 2020. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 70(21). https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7021e1
35. Ghanem, N. (2021). The effect of violence in childhood on school success factors in US children. Child Abuse and Neglect, 120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105217
36. Globalization and Technology. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95084
37. Goddard, A., Janicek, E., & Etcher, L. A. (2022). Trauma-informed care for the pediatric nurse. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, Vol. 62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2021.11.003
38. González, S. A., Rubio, M. A., Triana, C. A., King, A. C., Banchoff, A. W., & Sarmiento, O. L. (2022). Building healthy schools through technology-enabled citizen science: The case of the our voice participatory action model in schools from Bogotá, Colombia. Global Public Health, 17(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2020.1869285
39. Guo, C., Li, S., & Chan, S. S. S. (2022). Long-term effects of disaster exposure on health care workers' resilience: A comparison of the Wenchuan earthquake-exposed and unexposed groups.
40. Harding, N., & Noorbhai, H. (2021). Physical activity levels, lifestyle behaviour and musculoskeletal health profiles among seated video gamers during COVID-19. BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001194
41. Harvey survivors. Social Science and Medicine, 270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113634
42. Havlik, S. A., Malott, K., Yee, T., DeRosato, M., & Crawford, E. (2019). School Counselor Training in Professional Advocacy: The Role of the Counselor Educator. Journal of Counselor Leadership and Advocacy, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2326716X.2018.1564710 Hetrick, S. E., McKenzie, J. E., Bailey, A. P., Sharma, V., Moller, C. I., Badcock, P. B., … Meader, N. (2021). New generation antidepressants for depression in children and adolescents: a network meta-
43. Hino, K., Ikeda, E., Sadahiro, S., & Inoue, S. (2021). Associations of neighborhood built, safety, and social environment with walking to and from school among elementary school-aged children in Chiba, Japan. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-021-01202-y
44. Hsieh, K. Y., Kao, W. T., Li, D. J., Lu, W. C., Tsai, K. Y., Chen, W. J., … Chou, F. H. C. (2021). Mental health in biological disasters: From SARS to COVID-19. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, Vol. 67. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020944200
45. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840520988548
46. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2975145
47. Hyeonseon, S., & WANG, J. (2013). The Relationship between Self-disclosure and Stress Caused by Natural Disasters. The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association, 77(0). https://doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.77.0_1am-004
48. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102658
49. Intrinsic Resilience: A Neuroscience-Informed Model of Conceptualizing and Treating Adverse
50. Kantor, V., Verginer, L., Glück, T. M., Knefel, M., & Lueger-Schuster, B. (2022). Barriers and facilitators to accessing mental health services after child maltreatment in foster care: An Austrian survivors' perspective. European Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejtd.2021.100228
51. Karakaya, F., Adıgüzel, M., Üçüncü, G., Çimen, O., & Yilmaz, M. (2021). Teachers' views towards the effects of covid-19 pandemic in the education process in Turkey. Participatory Educational Research, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.17275/per.21.27.8.2
52. Karaman, M. A., Eşici, H., Tomar, İ. H., & Aliyev, R. (2021). COVID-19: Are School Counseling Services Ready? Students' Psychological Symptoms, School Counsellors' Views, and Solutions. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.647740
53. Koçak, O., Koçak, Ö. E., & Younis, M. Z. (2021). The psychological consequences of COVID-19 fear and the moderator effects of individuals' underlying illness and witnessing infected friends and family. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041836
54. Kourkoutas, E., & Giovazolias, T. (2015). School-Based Counselling Work With Teachers: An Integrative Model. The European Journal of Counselling Psychology, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.5964/ejcop.v3i2.58
55. Kwon, Y.-S. (2021). Suicide: Screening, early detection and prevention. Asia-Pacific Psychiatry, 13(SUPPL 1).
56. Lade, K., Chib, S., Karangutkar, S., & Jha, R. K. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on mental health of management students. European Journal of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, 8(1 PG-275–286).
57. Lelubre, M., Gillet, J., Mennig, C., Vanhessen, C., Et, F., En, E., … Montgomery, P. (2016). Girls' and women's right to menstrual health: Evidence and opportunities. PLoS ONE, 14(1).
58. Levkovich, I., & Vigdor, I. (2021). How school counsellors cope with suicide attempts among adolescents-A qualitative study in Israel. Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools, 31(1). https://doi.org/10.1017/jgc.2020.14
59. Liu, J., Lou, J., Liu, J., Xiong, L., Pei, J., & Sun, J. (2021). Dealer. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, 14(6). https://doi.org/10.14778/3447689.3447700
60. Lyu, Q., Zhang, H., Sulem, E., & Roth, D. (2021). Zero-shot Event Extraction via Transfer Learning: Challenges and Insights. ACL-IJCNLP 2021 - 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing, Proceedings of the Conference, 2. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.acl-short.42
61. Ma, X., & Wang, X. (2021). The role of empathy in the mechanism linking parental psychological control to emotional reactivities to COVID-19 pandemic: A pilot study among Chinese emerging adults. Personality and Individual Differences, 168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110399
62. Maizel, H. (2021). School Counsellors in Israel as Case Managers in Critical Events: a Qualitative Study. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 43(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447021-09440-2
63. Manalu, G., & Sitinjak, C. (2022). Literature Review on the Benefits of Sales Leadership and Management Skills in Companies. Jurnal Multidisiplin Madani (MUDIMA), 2(2), 889-898.
64. McCall, M. H., Wester, K. L., Bray, J. W., Hanchate, A. D., Veach, L. J., Smart, B. D., & Wachter Morris, C. (2022). SBIRT administered by mental health counsellors for hospitalized adults with substance misuse or disordered use: Evaluating hospital utilization and costs. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108510
65. Mensinger, J. L., Brom, H., Havens, D. S., Costello, A., D’Annunzio, C., Durning, J. D., … Kaufmann, P. (2022). Psychological responses of hospital-based nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: A cross-sectional study. Applied Nursing Research, 63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2021.151517
66. Mississippi: A Sequential Mediational Model. Traumatology, 27(4). https://doi.org/10.1037/trm0000328
67. Morris, C. A. W., Wester, K. L., Jones, C. T., & Fantahun, S. (2021). School Counsellors and Unified Educator–Counselor Identity: A Data-Informed Approach to Suicide Prevention. Professional School Counseling, 24(1_part_3). https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759x211011909
68. North, C. S., Sorg, E. M., Youn, S., & Chu, J. T. (2021). Case 28-2021: A 37-Year-Old Woman with Covid-19 and Suicidal Ideation. New England Journal of Medicine, 385(12). https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmcpc2107350
69. Oberman, A. H., & Studer, J. R. (2020). A Guide to Practicum and Internship for School Counsellors in-Training. In A Guide to Practicum and Internship for School Counsellors -in-Training. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429266089
70. Page, L. T. (2021). Exploring student mental health support through the lens of high school counsellors' perceptions of preparation and professional development needs. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 82(12-A).
71. Párraga Chávez, V. S., & Vite León, V. O. (2022). Factors that Influence Media Competence of Female
72. Perndorfer, C., Soriano, E. C., Siegel, S. D., Laurenceau, J.-P. J., Kuhn, R., Bradbury, T. N., … Samios,
73. Preservice School Counsellors' Perceptions of Their Training Experiences. Journal of Child and
74. Savitz-Romer, M., Rowan-Kenyon, H. T., Nicola, T. P., Alexander, E., & Carroll, S. (2021). When the Kids Are Not Alright: School Counseling in the Time of COVID-19. AERA Open, 7. https://doi.org/10.1177/23328584211033600
75. Schauss, E., Horn, G., Ellmo, F., Reeves, T., Zettler, H., Bartelli, D., … West, S. (2019). Fostering
76. Sitinjak, C. (2015). Efikasi Diri, Kesejahteraan Psikologis, Kecerdasan Emosi, dan Sikap Siswa: Implikasi Terhadap Kualitas Pendidikan. In Psychology Forum UMM.
77. Sitinjak, C. (2016, February). Envious increasing student’s academic performance. In Proceeding from the ASEAN Conference: 2nd Psychology & Humanity,“Optimalizing Human Strenght for Productivity and Well Being (pp. 716-722).
78. Sitinjak, C., & Hurriyati, D. (2022). Kesadaran, Persepsi dan Tindakan Cyberbullying Oleh Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Konseling (JPDK), 4(4), 1442-1449.
79. Soares, D., & Woods, K. (2021). Examination anxiety: a school-based intervention. Pastoral Care in Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/02643944.2021.1977988
80. Springer, S., Paone, C. H., Colucci, J., & Moss, L. J. (2020). Addressing Suicidality: Examining
81. Stickl Haugen, J., Waalkes, P. L., & Lambie, G. W. (2021). A National Survey of School Counsellors' Experiences With Student Death by Suicide. Professional School Counseling, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759x21993804
82. Streamers Audiences During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, 259 SIST. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5792-4_46
83. Students in Special Education. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.662646
84. Techo, S., & Chawengchinnawong, A. (2021). Therapeutic based on community in organization program; TCO. Tobacco Induced Diseases, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/141401
85. Urofsky, R. I. (2013). The Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs: Promoting quality in counselor education. Journal of Counseling and Development, 91(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.2013.00065.x
86. Varma, R. (2021). Reimagining safer school streets with children using the crosswalk program. IATSS Research, 45(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iatssr.2021.03.003 Velikonja, T., Velthorst, E., Zinberg, J., Cannon, T. D., Cornblatt, B. A., Perkins, D. O., … Bearden, C. E. (2021). Childhood trauma and cognitive functioning in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. Development and Psychopathology, 33(1). https://doi.org/10.1017/S095457941900155X
87. Wakui, N., Abe, S., Shirozu, S., Yamamoto, Y., Yamamura, M., Abe, Y., … Kikuchi, M. (2021). Causes of anxiety among teachers giving face-to-face lessons after the reopening of schools during the
88. Wan, W. (2020). Coronavirus is causing a historic rise in mental health problems, experts warn.
89. Waseem, S., Nayar, S. K., Hull, P., Carrothers, A., Rawal, J., Chou, D., & Khanduja, V. (2021). The global burden of trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review. Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma, Vol. 12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcot.2020.11.005
90. Wood, Z. B., Wang, D. C., Lee, C., Barnes, H., Abouezzeddine, T., Canada, A., & Aten, J. (2021). Social Support, Religious Coping, and Traumatic Stress Among Hurricane Katrina Survivors of Southern
91. Yeo, L. S., Goh, V. G., & Liem, G. A. D. (2016). School-Based Intervention for Test Anxiety. Child and Youth Care Forum, 45(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-015-9314-1
92. Yuniati, R., & Sitinjak, C. (2022). Upward Comparison at the Workplace: A Review. East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 1(7), 1377-1394.
93. Zhu, L. (2021). The psychology behind video games during COVID-19 pandemic: A case study of Animal Crossing: New Horizons. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.221
Published
2023-01-15
How to Cite
Charli Sitinjak. (2023). The Role of Counsellors in Post-Covid-19 Trauma: A Review. Central Asian Journal of Social Sciences and History, 4(1), 47-60. Retrieved from https://cajssh.centralasianstudies.org/index.php/CAJSSH/article/view/592
Section
Articles