The Role Of Gender And Culture In Economic History

Dr.  Namita  Verma

Dr. Namita Verma Assistant Professor, Dept. of Economics, Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India

Keywords: gender, culture, economic, history, literature, relevant

Abstract

Gender gaps in various outcomes (competitiveness, labor force participation, and performance in mathematics, amongst many others) show remarkable differences across countries and tend to persist over time. The economics literature initially explained these differences by looking at standard economic variables such as the level of development, women’s education, the expansion of the service sector, and discrimination. More recent literature has argued that gender differences in a variety of outcomes could reflect underlying cultural values and beliefs. This article reviews the literature on the relevance of culture in the determination of different forms of gender gap. How the differences in historical situations could have been relevant in generating gender differences and the conditions under which gender norms tend to be stable or to change over time, emphasizing the role of social learning.

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